Apparatus for cracking hydrocarbon oils



APPARATUS- FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS Filed Feb. 4, 1925 4Sheets-Shank. l

'"PMX'US FOR CRACHNG HYDROCARBON OILS 1925 4 Sheets-511692:.

Filed Feb.

muy@

@.F-UEB APPARATUS FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON OlLS File Feb,

C. E? EME APPATUS FOR CRACK I NG Filed Feb. d, idg.;

(ramera:l 'i

" commun .arranging @son oaacxme nrnaooaanolv oI'Ls.

lamination l 'med retinal-y Be 'tknnwn that vI, CARBON?. Dunne, a

' citi'zej'opffthe VUnited States, residing Sat indette; in the 5j olfIllinois' have A*useful Improvements in' an Apparatus for Cracking lydro county 'ofi Coole and State invented certain new -and carbon Oils,of which the A "following isa specification.

- 'This' invention W-.craclrin'ghydrocarbon oils and -has'among' iitsgsalient objects, -to provide an improved 7 The -tubes 6 may be. froman inch in 53 relatestoI an apparatus 'of apparatusinwhich the vaporswhich' pass bift'ff'rn 'thewapor'fchambers fare. subjected 'tojtheij'actirono "a: reiiuxecndenser" and the cond" nsedfportions fthereof returned to' `the acter' above refe treated" n'ter's the systemand atA arelativel'y system; tdprovlde 'an ap- ;'zlpaatus ofthecharacter above referred -to n ii'whichf the pil is subjected tothepressune 'offlthef generated. yvaporsl during" treatment-g.' "2a. toprovidean 'apparatus adapted. for conf" tinuous: operation .as distinctfrein batch further provides an appapump maybe utilized for l" reflux'atA va' high' 'velocity -'-through."the 'heating'.coilg in combinationwith an' oil;` "conducting line by means of ump, Y nd smta i.. pump Visbeing ,replacedl or repaired. With .this 'conception' in' mind,

stood that-a vbod it will be' underof. oil is held above thele'controlling devices are isposedadjacent the pump vandin ,the by'-p'a'ss therefor to permit the pump to be -by passed when desiredl atwhich time the reflux .the stream under a head.

f isap'plication'isa'continuation in part Beginning-.12, 1918;

t'dgetber forma siderale-vatu`s-vvith parts shown in rumors, 'Ars'sIeNonTo ein"'Prion'nordisor Aczzzccaaow n.nngrona n conroaA'rIoN or SOUTHnaxo'ra.

4, i925.;A 'serial No.- 6,732.`

the furnace provided with bridge-wall '25 a.

fiue 3 and 'stack 4. .The furnace .may -be separated into twocompartmentsby means .50

4of 'dividing Wall 5. .Yiithin the furnace.

chambers'lare mounted two sets of tubes 6.

and 7 mounted on suitable supports; I he tubes 6 are relatively smallerthan the tubesA i.

diameter to six inches and the tubes 7 from' 8 inches to' 2O inches indiameterfalthoughit is to be understood that I do .not Elimite' myselfto a tube ot'any particular sizenor to the number or lengthofthetubes'.These *.0 must vary as conditions require and will be apparent tooneskilled in theart. The endsV of the tubes are provided with cap membersi 9 whichean be removed'to permit theends 'of the tubes beingv openedand .the tubes` cleanedf Instead ofremoving the ,caps 9 they may beprovided with suitable doors. or closure members 4(not shown, rlhe oil.'-f to be treated is fed by means of a' pump (not;

sh'bwn)=from any source of supply through 0 the feed pipe 10 to one end.of the-'coil 6 -as shown tat 1l. The pipe l0 may lie-.provided with apontrolling valvel2. f The o ilpasses through'the coil Gfwherc. itreaches -a cracle 45" 'ing heat and the oil while in a lsubstantially 85liquid phase is then deliveredl through'com.A necting pipe l'to one endef the large coil- 7 as shown at 14:. The vapors-can pass :out of thecoil 7 through upright pipe 15 which. is Aconnected at its lower end tomanifold .16 leading from adjacent ends ofthe large tubes of the coils7. At its upperl end, the pipe 15 is connected to a horizontal crQsspipe 17 f' from either end'of. which leadI downwardly extending vaporlines 18vand 19. "In agem- AerallyV similar manner, the other endof the1arge-coil7 is connected to riser- 20,'the 'upf' per end 'of whichis-conncted to horizont-ah ranch-pipe- 21"which is rovided.with@1 pairoff-downwardly 4exten ing vapor. lines 10 22 and 23.- The downwar yinclined vapor lines 18, 22, 23 and "19 arev connected to 'tank 24'.'f'This' tank 24;connects' vvithfanffaerial condenser 25 providedwithaseries ffn'pe right-pipes 26..-The'11i )gerend oftlie. aerial 119|condenser-isconnecte yi es andi 28 l to' a wateri-oondenser29. ewatelmonf vapors from the tank 24, which'tank serves in effect as areservoir, are drawn out from the end of the tank from pipe 39 to pipe40. From pipe 40 the condensed vapors are delivered by pipe 41 to thesmall coil 6 as shown at 42. These condensed 'vapors can either passbygravity to the 'coil or can b e forced in by means of 'a pump 43. Thispump is interposedin the line 40 by branches 44 and 45 controlled byvalves 46 and 47.

` A valve 48 is interposed in the line 40.

When smaller coilmay be said in effect to the valves-46 and 47 areclosed, the pump is not used in which case the valve 48 is opeu. If itis desired to use the pump, the valve 48 is closed and the valves 46 and47 opened. The oil is drawn oil' from the larger coil through thedraw-olf lines 52 and 53 controlled by the valve 54. Gas or fuel oil forthe burners are fed through lines 49 to pipes 50 and 51 lwhich supplythe burners. vIt will be understood that the hot reflux oil when thevalve 48 is closed and the valves 46 and 47 open, passes into the pumpwhere it is forced under high velocity through the line 41 to theheating coil. Should this pump become disabled because of the terrificheat it is subjected to or for any other reason, the valves 46 and 47may be closed and the valve 48'opened, at which'time the reflux oil willcontinuously feed from the enlarged receiver 24 through the line 41 tothe heating coil under a head pressure Apermitting the apparatus tocontinuously operate by rasen 'of the fact that the pump has beenby-passed.

The a paratus is operated as follows: The oil 1s, fed into the smallcoil continuously at desired rate and is there subjected to heat. Theoil as it passes through the ass through .the heating zone where itrecelves its cracking eat. The oil then passes to the largereoikonstituting a reacting, cracking or vapor' zone. The undistilledportion of the "oil is drawn olf through the draw-olf lines toa'residuum tank. The vapors pass through 'the downwardly inclined vaporlines tothe tank 24. The heavier' vapors will condense either in thedownwardly in clined lines `in the tank or in the aerial 'and will hedrawnffiom the tank bygravity or by meansl of the pump back to the inletside of the small'col. The advantage of this method of treating theheavy condensed vapors is that they are continuously being returned tothe heating zone, but inasmuch as they are not permitted to fall backinto the vapor zone as is the usual process, they` do not tend to undulycobl the vapors 1n the vapor zone. heavy condensed vapors not onlygreatlyl lowers the fuel cost but results in 'a better operation-.- Bycontrolling the temperature of the tank 24 and the vapor lines, anythingThis oil is then delivered to the reacting or.

vapor tubes 7 where no additional heat need be applied, provided saidtubes are* insuf lated against heat losses. If the tubes are' notinsulated, some heat may be applied sufficient to keep the oil at nearaboutl its vfor-k mer temperature, this additional heat manifestlymerely offsetting the heat losses due This method of handling'the,

This can be controlled either by the I to vaporization. A.single'enlarged insu-1 lated chamber can be 'used in lieu ofthe tubes 7,and this chamber may or may not be heated. The pressure maintainedthroughout the apparatus is preferably in excess of 50 pounds per squaremeh and may range up to a pressure in. excessief 300 pounds per squareinch. The oilis forced so rapidly through the coil 6 that,no-substautial amount of carbon adheres to"'5the walls of the coil.Infact, therapidity of the travel of the oil is such that that degree ofconversion does not occur in the coil as to cause the production of sucha great amount of carbon that would saturate the oil and cause adherenceof carbon 'to the walls of the tubes. The major part of the reactionoccurs -1n the enlarged chamber where no heat is applied.

The following illustrative run may 'bef given; in cracking gasoil fromthe Kansas or Oklahoma lields vof' from 32 to. 34

paum gravity at the same time-maintain-v ing a pressure of from 100 to150 lbs. upon.

the system, a yield of from 50% to 60% distillate may be obtained. Byredistillation about 50% distillate may be obtained theremately 400 F. f

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is:

1. In an apparatus for convertiiig oil, the A combination with an elonated heating coil,

'of a furnace within whic said coil 1s dis- A posed, an enlargedreactlon, zona-,means for from, having a boiling point of approxi-1,568,400 es A event said pump is sliunted.

2. In an apparatus for converting oil, the combinationwith an elongatedheating coil,

of a furnace within which Said coil is disposed, an enlarged reactionzone, means for passing heated oil from said heating coil to saidreaction zone, a dephlegmator disposed away Afrom said heating coil,means for passing generated vapors to said dephlegmator, means forwithdrawing unvaporized oil from said reaction zone 'without permittingentrance thereof to the heating coil, a conduit leading from saidvdephlegmator, a pump communicating with said conduit, a communicationbetween said pump and said heating coil for introducing redux oil to thecoil under pressure,fmeans for admitting redux oil from saiddephlegmator under a head pressure continuously tothe inletfof saidheating coil in the event said pump is shunted, means for introducingcharging stock to the 'heating coil, and means for maintaining asuperatniospheric pressure on the oil undergoing conversion Vin saidapparatus.

3. In an apparatus for cracking hydrocarbon oil, the combination with aheating tube through which a stream of oil is passed, a yfurnace in'which said tube is heated, an enlarged reaction zone communicating withthe heating tube for receiving heated hydro carbon materials therefrom,a redux condenser, means for passing vapors from said enlarged reactionzone to the redux condenser, means for collecting redux condensate. fromsaid condenser in a body, a redux` pump for forcing said reduxcondensate to the inlet of the heating tube under pressure,

means for by-passing said pump to admit' redux condensate under a headpressure to said heating tube when 'said pump is inactive, and means formaintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoingconversion. v

4. In an apparatus for cracking oil, the combination with a heatingcoil, of a fur nace in which said' coil is disposed, an enlarged oilreactingzone receiving oil heated in said coil, de'phlegmating means, acommunication -between said Vreacting zone and said dephlegmating means,means for preventing the return of unvaporized oil from saidA reactinzone to said coil, av com munication etween the dephlegmating means andsaid coil, a .mechanical pressure applying element in saidcommunication. for

forcing redux oil t`o the inlet of the coil under pressure, means forconveying reduit oil from the deplilegmating means around said pressureapplying element when said4 element is not operating, `and means formaintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoingconversion.

5. In an apparatus for converting oil, the

combination with a heating coil, a furnace l in which said coil isdisposed, an enlarged reaction. chamber in communication with theheating' coil, deplilegmating means, means for passing generated vaporsfrom said reu action chamber to said dephlegmatingmeane, means forwithdrawing unvaporized oil from the reaction chamber without againadmitting4 the same to the heating coil. a redux pump in communicationwith the deplilegmatingV means for forein redux condensate to theheating coil un er pressure, means for conveyinor the redux condensatefrom the depheg'mating means around said pump to the inlet of theheating coil, means for selectively controlling the passage of the reduxoil to said pump or -said last mentioned redux conveying means,

and means for maintaining a. superatmospheric pressure on the oilundergoing con version.

6. In an apparatus for converting oil, the combination with a heatingcoil, of a fur nace in which said coil is disposed, an en largedreaction chamber, means for passing heated oil from said heating coil tosaid reaction chamber, dephlegmating means in communication with saidreaction chamber, means for discharging unvaporized oil from saidreaction chamber without again admitting the same to the heating coil, acommunication between said dephlegmating means and the the inlet of theheating coil, a pump in said communication for forcing the stream ofredux oil to the inlet of the heating coil under an applied pressure,means establishing communication between the dephleginatAh CARBON P.'DUBBS

